What constitutes loneliness is a trickier question in Japan, where the overarching term "kodoku" has been used to describe both loneliness and solitude, essentially lumping them together.

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Japan COVID-19 vaccine chief warns of slower pace of shots
Taro Kono said supply of the vaccine "will be very limited until April," and that the government "will start (vaccinations of older people) little by little and expand it slowly."